Posts Tagged "Emergence"

It?S Not Just Semantics!

Semantic micro-blogging may sound like a mouth-full of techno speak, but it’s actually a fairly simple subject that has attracted a large following recently. Semantic micro-blogging is essentially a publishing method that allows short bursts of information to be aggregated under umbrella categories and easily synthesized on the web. But to understand semantic micro-blogging, one must first understand its component pieces: blogging, micro-blogging, and the semantic web. What is a blog? A blog — short for weblog — in the broadest terms is a form of online commentary. It is often text-based (video blogs are called “vlogs”), separated into entries, and presented in reverse chronological order. Blogs and blogging have become popular over the past few years as a form of publishing short-form opinion, analysis, and even fiction on the internet. And with the growth of blogs and their emergence into mainstream society, many corporations and other large entities have begun “blogging” to keep the public at large abreast of their plans, ambitions, and day-to-day activities. At its core, a blog is an internet-based publishing platform. It is a cheap, easy-to-use method of disseminating information over the web. What is micro-blogging? Micro-blogging is blogging on a small scale (usually under 200 characters). The difference between micro-blogging and blogging is accessibility and readability. Micro-blogging involves recording very short, “stream of consciousness” thoughts onto whatever medium the micro-blogger wishes. Sites like Twitter and Facebook have popularized micro-blogging as a means of communicating quick thoughts to a large number of people instantly. It is a fast-paced, slimmed-down version of blogging that allows users to push thoughts, rather than ideas, out to a large network of people. The advantages of micro-blogging over blogging within the accessibility and readability parameters mentioned above are a function of a micro-blogs size. Small messages can be written and read very easily on mobile devices. This makes micro-blogging a much more practical means of communicating when away from a computer. One interesting implementation of micro-blogging has been through citizen journalism. This application of the service has added a new dimension to the platform and very well may prove to be its most important and compelling use. What is the semantic web? Semantics has to do with the meaning of words. And when applied to the web, it has to do with the association of content with different words. The essence of the semantic web is found in a web search — the results that come up when you search for a certain word or phrase. As the web becomes more semantic, search functions and content aggregations will become more precise. Putting it all together Semantic micro-blogging involves “grouping” micro-blogs together into threads via semantics. On the Twitter service, this involves using a hash (#) followed by a keyword to target a specific search term. The purpose is to collect messages of the same tone or purpose and make them easily digestible for research or educational initiatives. The reason semantic micro-blogging is innovative is that it’s basically a group of thoughts, categorized within a keyword or phrase, that can be archived indefinitely. It’s a recordable zeitgeist on the internet. For more information on Semantic Microblogging, visit semanticmicroblogging.com and micro-blogger.org

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Semantic Web





Introduction

Semantic web as defined by the creator of the web Tim Berners-Lee is “a web of data, in some ways like a global database” (Berners-Lee, 1998). To elaborate further Mr. Berners-Lee explains in an interview held by IDG Now, data is expressed on computers as associated files with applications that deal specifically with information, an example would be, data in calendars, bank systems, spreadsheets, and database application. Looking at a web page, data is not clearly defined and not associated with any of the applications usually on computers. Semantic web will allow data to interact and connect together; it will bring on a common data format for all applications, for databases and web pages alike (Moon, 1999). Semantic web is not to build an artificial intelligence system which allows computers to understand what humans write on web pages; on the contrary, it is an attempt to make web pages more understandable and well-defined to support automatic extraction of data from within web content (Berners-Lee, 1998).

Analysis

The emergence of the web and the way HTML took off was driven by how society’s needed to grew, from Internet chat to file transfer to high-end communities through blogs and wiki’s. HTML was not limited to web content, knowledge base and help files adapted the language as a format to document software applications and provide training material. The revolution of technologies on the Internet allowed companies like Google to index pages; a thought that was very far away, says Tim Berners-Lee in his lecture at MIT. Web services have evolved to pave the road for distributed information and modular programming allowing interoperability among sites. Through XML, data in one site can be used by another using the common protocols and standards supported by both (Berners-Lee, 1998). XML defines schemas that deal with fields of data, what is required is a system that can tell the computer what sort of information (data) it can derive from within a page (Moon, 1999). With Web 3.0 a site will provide data that can be navigated through and extracted from multiple sites, this is a result of the fact that semantic web data model is closely related to a relational database where records of data share common fields that connect them together (Berners-Lee, 1998).

The solution provided to support semantic web is in the form of metadata that describes the data contained on web pages. Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a base to manage metadata; it is the ground that computers can use to exchange and interact with applications on the Web (W3C RFC, 1999). The applications for RDF include digital libraries, online catalogs, and indexing systems that are usually associated with content and content relationships models deployed in most web pages. With RDF data within business portals will be analyzed and identified as resources, properties, or statements transparent to the domain, further more, the specifications will merge with other documents to comprise a framework of classes. Classes organized as a hierarchy comprises a schema that can be reusable as metadata definitions along side multiple platforms. Resources created in this hierarchy can be identified using a resource identifier (URI), which enables a document given to a machine with this identification to be recognized by the system and triggers it to dig and find similar data (Berners-Lee, 1998).

Implications

Semantic web can be the solution to overpower the limitations of current information management systems in finding and extracting data from unorganized resources. RDF is meant to describe any data regardless of its character, location, source, or type, the concept of URI is richer to uniquely identify any object on the web (Berners-Lee, 1998). The pillars of Semantic web are standards and common protocols that are the bases for knowledge representation; HTML, RDF, the data language resource description web ontology language (OWL) that describes to the machine what is going on, in addition to RDF1 which is a query language to make inquiries among machines much easer, will all emerge and collaborate to bring in more to the web and more intelligent programs that will bring the Internet more closer (Cleave, 2004).

The current research and implementation of Abilene network and the Next Generation Internet (NGI) Internet 2 of high-performance backbone network linking major universities and research labs across the US, is a good foundation for what Semantic web can do, and represent the perfect platform for grid computing, digital libraries, virtual laboratories, and distance learning (Abilene, Internet2). Internet2 or I2 was developed by a group of universities in 1996 providing improved connectivity standards to reach 10gbps (gigabits per second). With more than 227 universities and libraries connected, network based applications and experimental programs can run on this network of high-bandwidth connection feeding on the latest technology of gigabit Ethernet and IP protocol version 6 (Reardon, 2004). Semantic web standards can be the base of material and data distributed on this network, providing the best test platform to explore the full potential and what can be achieved.

Conclusion

Tim Berners-Lee believes that with Web 3.0 we can succeed and fantastic things can happen, but the infrastructure need to be built, laws of privacy and security need to be revised and honored, further more, the web need to remain open for researchers to allow for continuous upgrade and development. Semantic web will kick off when individuals materialize the need to work on data processing, and think about collaborating their data, with company’s information and that of the government (Moon, 1999).

References:

Berners-Lee, Tim. 1998. Semantic Web Road map.W3C team. (14 October 1998) www.w3.org DesignIssues/Semantic (accessed 16 Jul 2007) Moon, Peter. 1999. The future of the Web as seen by its creator. IT World IDG Now (7 July 1999) www.itworld.com/Tech/4535/070709future/ (accessed 14 Jul 2007) W3C RFC. 1999. Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification. W3 Consortium (5 January 1999) www.w3.org/TR/PR-rdf-syntax/ (accessed 20 Jul 2007) Cleave, Kenith Van. 2004. Regis University Database Practicum Experience. Regis University. (14 November 2004) http:// trackit.arn.regis.edu/dba/Thesis%2520Papers/ kvancleave_2004Bfinalreport_20041118.pdf (accessed 16 Jul 2007) Abilene, Internet2. www.internet2.edu/annualreport/2003/page06.html(accessed 17 Jul 2007) Reardon, Marguerite. 2004. Internet2: 2004 and beyond. CNET, News (24 August 2004) http:// news.com.com/2100-1034_3-5321053.html (accessed 19 Jul 2007)

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